The project is a form of LED matrix where the LEDs are grouped together in order to find the most efficient way of addressing the state of each LED.
The design of the project started with the scanning of row and column to obtain an idea of how the columns of shared anodes (+) and rows of shared cathodes (-) in a LED matrix can be quickly turned ON and OFF to control a single LED within the matrix. It is more efficient to quickly address the columns and rows than each individual LED because the number of LEDs within a matrix will always be fewer than the total number of rows and columns.
The 16 LEDs were able to be addressed by sharing the cathodes of LED in a row and the anodes of each LED in a column and by connecting only the 4 rows and 4 columns to the microcontroller. Animations and motion across the LED matrix could be created by quickly changing the states of the pins on microcontroller from high to low. By quickly turning the anode column high and cathode row low, an individual LED could be lit.
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